Ibipimo byubuziranenge:
Ibipimo ngenderwaho:
Umutekano: Gukoresha ibintu byangiza bigomba kuba bike cyane, nkibyuma biremereye (gurş, mercure, arsenic, nibindi), inyongeramusaruro yangiza imiti (nka zimwe zishobora kuba kanseri, gukangurira ibirungo, kubika ibintu, nibindi) bigomba kuba byujuje amahame y’umutekano ajyanye no kureba ko atazatera ingaruka mbi ku buzima bw’abantu.
Ubwiza bwibigize: Ubwiza bwo hejuruIkaramu y'ijishomubisanzwe ukoreshe amavuta meza, ibishashara, pigment nibindi byongerwaho. Kurugero, gukoresha isuku ryinshi, guhagarara neza kwingurube kugirango umenye neza kandi biramba byamabara, kimwe no guhitamo amavuta karemano hamwe nibishashara byoroheje kuruhu kandi ntibyoroshye gutera allergie.
Ibipimo ngenderwaho:
Guhindura amabara: NibyizaijishoIbara ry'ikaramu rigomba kuba rihamye, kandi ntabwo byoroshye gucika, guhindura ibara, no gucika intege mugikorwa cyo gukoresha cyangwa mugihe gito, gishobora gukomeza guhuza no kuramba kw'ibara ry'ijisho.
Kwuzuza amabara byoroshye no kuzuza amabara: Ikaramu yijisho igomba kuba ishobora gusiga amabara byoroshye ku mboni, kandi ibara ryuzuye ni ryinshi, kandi ikaramu irashobora kwerekana ibara risobanutse, ryuzuye, nta mpamvu yo gusaba inshuro nyinshi.
Kuramba: Ifite igihe kirekire, irashobora kugumana ubunyangamugayo bwo kwisiga mu bikorwa bya buri munsi, kandi ntibyoroshye kugwa cyangwa guswera kubera ibyuya, gusohora amavuta cyangwa guterana amagambo, kandi mubisanzwe bisaba ko ishobora kubungabungwa amasaha menshi cyangwa se igihe kirekire .
Kwuzuza ikaramu ubwiza: Kuzuza ikaramu bigomba kuba byiza muburyo bworoshye kandi buringaniye mubukomere, byoroshye gushushanya imirongo yijisho ryiza, ariko ntibyoroshye kumeneka cyangwa kuba byoroshye cyane kuburyo bitera deformasiyo kandi ntibyoroshye kugenzura; Muri icyo gihe, kuzuza ikaramu bigomba guhuzwa cyane n'ufite ikaramu, kandi ntihazabaho kurekura.
Ibipimo byo gupakira no gushyira akamenyetso:
Ubunyangamugayo bwo gupakira: Ibipfunyika bigomba kuba byuzuye kandi bifunze neza, bishobora kurinda ikaramu yijisho ingaruka z’ibidukikije byo hanze, nko kubuza kuzura kwuma no guhumana; Muri icyo gihe, igishushanyo mbonera kigomba kuba cyoroshye gukoresha no gutwara, nk'urupfundikizo rw'ikaramu rushobora gutwikirwa cyane kandi ntibyoroshye kugwa.
Kumenyekanisha neza: ibicuruzwa bipfunyika bigomba gushyirwaho neza izina ryikirango, izina ryibicuruzwa, ibiyigize, ubuzima bwigihe, itariki yumusaruro, nimero yumusaruro, uburyo bwo gukoresha, kwirinda nibindi bisobanuro, kugirango abakiriya basobanukirwe nuburyo bwibanze bwibicuruzwa na gukoresha neza uburyo, ariko kandi kugirango byorohereze kugenzura no gucunga inzego zibishinzwe.
Mu rwego rwo gutahura:
Ibintu by'ibizamini:
Isesengura ry'ibihimbano: Binyuze mu buryo bwo gusesengura imiti yabigize umwuga, ubwoko n'ibirimo mu bintu bitandukanye biri mu ikaramu y'ijisho byamenyekanye kugira ngo byemeze ko byujuje ubuziranenge kandi bitarimo ibintu byangiza cyangwa ibintu byongeweho bitemewe.
Kumenya ibyuma biremereye: Gukoresha ibikoresho nuburyo bwihariye, nka atomic absorption spectrometry, plasma ihujwe na plasma mass spectrometrie, nibindi, kugirango tumenye neza ibikubiye muri gurş, mercure, kadmium, chromium nibindi byuma biremereye, kugirango umenye niba birenze? imipaka y'umutekano.
Kwipimisha mikorobe: Reba niba hari bagiteri, ifu, umusemburo nibindi byanduza mikorobe mu ikaramu yijisho kugirango wirinde kwandura uruhu biterwa no gukoresha amakaramu yanduye ya mikorobe yanduye. Mubisanzwe, umubare rusange wabakoloni, coliform, staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa nibindi bipimo bizamenyekana.
Ikizamini cyimikorere: harimo ibara ryerekana ibara ryoroshye, ikizamini cyamabara yoroshye, ikizamini kiramba, ikaramu yibanze yikaramu, nibindi, binyuze mukwigana imikoreshereze nyayo cyangwa gukoresha uburyo bwikizamini runaka kugirango harebwe niba imikorere yikaramu yijisho yujuje ubuziranenge.
Inzira y'ibizamini:
Icyegeranyo cy'icyitegererezo: Umubare runaka w'amakaramu y'amakaramu y'icyitegererezo watoranijwe ku buryo butunguranye kuva ku murongo w’ibicuruzwa cyangwa ku isoko kugira ngo ibyo byitegererezo bihagarariwe.
Kwipimisha muri Laboratoire: Ingero zoherejwe muri laboratoire zipima umwuga kugirango zisesengure kandi zipimishe ibintu bitandukanye bipimisha ukurikije ibipimo bijyanye nuburyo bwo gupima.
Kugena ibisubizo: Ukurikije imibare yikizamini, ugereranije nubuziranenge bwashyizweho, menya niba icyitegererezo cyujuje ibisabwa. Niba ibisubizo byikizamini byujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa, ubwiza bwikaramu yijisho byemejwe ko bujuje ibisabwa; Niba igipimo kimwe cyangwa byinshi bitujuje ubuziranenge, bifatwa nkibicuruzwa bidahuye.
Raporo yakozwe: Nyuma yikizamini kirangiye, ikigo cyibizamini kizatanga raporo irambuye yikizamini, wandike ibintu byikizamini, uburyo bwikizamini, ibisubizo byikizamini nandi makuru, kandi bitange umwanzuro usobanutse wurubanza.
Akamaro ko kwipimisha:
Kurengera uburenganzira n’inyungu z’abaguzi: Binyuze mu gupima ubuziranenge, dushobora kwemeza ko ikaramu y’ijisho ikoreshwa n’abaguzi ifite umutekano kandi ikora neza, kwirinda allergie y’uruhu, kwandura cyangwa ibindi bibazo by’ubuzima biterwa no gukoresha amakaramu y’ijisho rito, kandi tukarinda ubuzima n'uburenganzira bwemewe n'inyungu z'abaguzi.
Komeza gahunda yisoko: ibipimo ngenderwaho nibizamini birashobora kugenzurwa no kugenzura isoko yikaramu yamakaramu, gukuraho ibyo bicuruzwa nu nganda zujuje ibyangombwa kandi bitujuje ubuziranenge, kubuza ibicuruzwa byimpimbano kandi bidahwitse kwuzuza isoko, kubungabunga ibidukikije byapiganwa neza, no guteza imbere iterambere ryiza ryiterambere inganda z'ikaramu.
Guteza imbere iterambere ryibigo: Kubigo, gukurikiza ibipimo byubuziranenge no gutsinda ibizamini bikomeye bifasha kuzamura ibicuruzwa nibiranga ibicuruzwa, no kuzamura isoko ryisoko; Muri icyo gihe, irashishikariza kandi imishinga guhora itezimbere umusaruro n’ikoranabuhanga, kuzamura ireme n’umutekano, no guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga no guhanga udushya mu nganda zose.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-07-2025